The location of Earth in relation to the Sun causes patterns in the sky that can be observed, described, and predicted.

• Construct an explanation of observed relationships (e.g., the distribution of plants in the back yard).

• Use evidence (e.g., measurements, observations, patterns) to construct or support an explanation or design a solution to a problem.

• Identify the evidence that supports particular points in an explanation.

• Represent data in tables and/or various graphical displays (bar graphs, pictographs and/or pie charts) to reveal patterns that indicate relationships.

• Analyze and interpret data to make sense of phenomena, using logical reasoning, mathematics, and/or computation.

• Compare and refine arguments based on an evaluation of the evidence presented.

• Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgement based on research findings, and speculation in an explanation.

• Construct and/or support an argument with evidence, data, and/or a model.

• Students identify similarities and differences in order to sort and classify natural objects and designed products. They identify patterns related to time, including simple rates of change and cycles, and to use these patterns to make predictions.

• Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume.

• The Earth's orbit and rotation, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth cause observable patterns.

• The sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer. Stars range greatly in their size and distance from Earth.